Riesgo y protección de desviación social en adolescentes inmigrantes: Personalidad, familia y aculturación / Risk and protection for social deviation in immigrant adolescents: Personality, family, and acculturation

En este trabajo se analizan los niveles de conducta antisocial en adolescentes inmigrantes latinoamericanos, residentes en España, integrando tales resultados en un marco explicativo amplio, definido por las interrelaciones de las estrategias de aculturación prevalentes con algunas variables de personalidad y con evaluaciones del funcionamiento familiar. Nuestros resultados alertan acerca de la configuración de ciertas situaciones de especial riesgo (y, alternativamente, particularmente protectoras) en términos de desviación social en tales sujetos: concretamente, un estilo de separación asociado con bajos niveles de empatía cognitiva y afectiva, pobre autocontrol, escasa supervisión parental, baja adaptabilidad y cohesión familiar. Se atiende a las diferencias de sexo/género en todas las variables evaluadas. Se discuten los resultados desde un punto de vista psicosocial, al tiempo que se aboga por prácticas facilitadoras de patrones de integración flexible y bidireccional de inmigrantes, solo posibles cuando la sociedad receptora privilegie unas actitudes de aculturación contrarias al etnocentrismo, al prejuicio, la discriminación y la xenofobia. A lo largo del texto se argumenta acerca de los peligros que pueden acarrear ciertas aproximaciones que parecerían sostener la responsabilidad exclusiva del inmigrante en el éxito adaptativo de su experiencia migratoria (AU)

This study analyzes levels of antisocial behavior in Latino immigrant adolescents who are living in Spain. The results are integrated within a wide explanatory framework, defined by the relationships between acculturation strategies and personality variables and family functioning. The results allow us to underline configurations of high risk (and, alternatively, strongly protective) in terms of social deviation: particularly, a separation style linked to low cognitive and affective empathy, poor self-control, low parent supervision, low family adaptability and cohesion. Differences of sex/gender are considered for all the assessed variables. The results are discussed from a psychosocial viewpoint, suggesting the need of promoting patterns of bidirectional flexible integration for immigrants. These patterns would only be feasible when the receiving society favors acculturation attitudes contrary to ethnocentrism, prejudice, discrimination and xenophobia. Throughout the article, the dangers of approaches that hold immigrants exclusively responsible for their adaptive success are pointed out (AU)

[Latin-American adolescents, acculturation and antisocial behavior]. / Adolescentes latinoamericanos, aculturación y conducta antisocial.

The main purposes of this study are: a) To determine whether the acculturation styles proposed by Berry's model (integration, separation, assimilation and marginalization) can be replicated in a sample of Latin-American immigrant adolescents living in Spain; b) to examine the relationships between acculturation styles and both antisocial behavior and involvement with alcohol. For these purposes, data were collected in a sample of 750 Latin-American immigrants in a number of schools in Galicia and Madrid. Results confirm the existence of the four acculturation strategies, with integration and marginalization as the most and least used, respectively. With respect to the relationships of these styles with antisocial behavior and alcohol use, it was found that adolescents who use the separation strategy show the highest levels of antisocial behavior; conversely, and contrary to expectations, the marginalization group had the lowest levels of antisocial involvement.

Adolescentes latinoamericanos, aculturación y conducta antisocial / Latin-American adolescents, acculturation and antisocial behavior

El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar si los estilos de aculturación de Integración, Separación, Asimilación y Marginación propuestos en el modelo de Berry pueden ser replicados en una muestra de adolescentes inmigrantes latinoamericanos que viven en España y examinar la relación de esas estrategias con el nivel de conducta antisocial y abuso de alcohol. Para ello se ha analizado una muestra de 750 adolescentes inmigrantes latinoamericanos escolarizados en diferentes centros de Galicia y Madrid. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la existencia de las cuatro estrategias de aculturación, siendo la integración la más utilizada y la marginación la que menos. En cuanto a la relación de esos estilos con la conducta antisocial y el consumo de alcohol, se observa que es el grupo de adolescentes latinoamericanos que optan por la estrategia de separación los que presentan mayores conductas antisociales y, contrariamente a lo esperado, es el grupo de marginación el que se asocia con menores actos antisociales(AU)

The main purposes of this study are: a) To determine whether the acculturation styles proposed by Berry’s model (integration, separation, assimilation and marginalization) can be replicated in a sample of Latin-American immigrant adolescents living in Spain; b) to examine the relationships between acculturation styles and both antisocial behavior and involvement with alcohol. For these purposes, data were collected in a sample of 750 Latin-American immigrants in a number of schools in Galicia and Madrid. Results confirm the existence of the four acculturation strategies, with integration and marginalization as the most and least used, respectively. With respect to the relationships of these styles with antisocial behavior and alcohol use, it was found that adolescents who use the separation strategy show the highest levels of antisocial behavior; conversely, and contrary to expectations, the marginalization group had the lowest levels of antisocial involvement(AU)

Personalidad, género y criminalidad violenta en reclusos / Personality, gender and violent criminality in prison inmates

En este trabajo se analizan las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Personalidad Antisocial (Antisocial Personality Questionnaire, APQ) desarrollado por Blackburn y Fawcett (1999) en una muestra de 216 delincuentes (108 hombres y 108 mujeres) sin trastornos clínicos diagnosticados internados en varias cárceles españolas. Además del análisis de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, se examinan las diferencias en personalidad relacionadas con el género y el tipo de delito (violentos vs no violentos). Los resultados apoyan la fiabilidad de las escalas, así como la estructura factorial de las escalas propuesta por los autores del instrumento. También seleccionamos aquellos ítems que mejor discriminaban entre delincuentes condenados por delitos violentos y no violentos y realizamos un análisis factorial con ellos, encontrándose una estructura factorial de tres factores que recuerda al modelo de personalidad de Eysenck

The Antisocial Personality Questionnaire developed by Blackburn and Fawcett (1999) has shown adequate reliability and validity in studies of male offenders interned in psychiatric hospitals. This paper provides data on the APQ collected from a sample of offenders (males and females) without any diagnosed mental illness. The sample was made up of 216 offenders (108 males and 108 females) confined in Spanish prisons. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the instrument and we also examined differences in personality as a function of gender and type of crime (violent vs. non-violent). Results support the reliability of the APQ scales as well as the structure proposed by Blackburn. Additionally, we selected items that discriminate between offenders convicted for violent and non-violent crimes; when these items are factorized, a three-factor structure emerges, resembling Eysenck´s model

[Personality, gender and violent criminality in prison inmates]. / Personalidad, género y criminalidad violenta en reclusos.

The Antisocial Personality Questionnaire developed by Blackburn and Fawcett (1999) has shown adequate reliability and validity in studies of male offenders interned in psychiatric hospitals. This paper provides data on the APQ collected from a sample of offenders (males and females) without any diagnosed mental illness. The sample was made up of 216 offenders (108 males and 108 females) confined in Spanish prisons. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the instrument and we also examined differences in personality as a function of gender and type of crime (violent vs. non-violent). Results support the reliability of the APQ scales as well as the structure proposed by Blackburn. Additionally, we selected items that discriminate between offenders convicted for violent and non-violent crimes; when these items are factorized, a three-factor structure emerges, resembling Eysenck's model.

Personalidad y conducta antisocial: amplificadores individuales de los efectos contextuales / Personality and antisocial behaviour: Individual potentiators of contextual effects

El principal propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar las relaciones de interacción entre una serie de predictores de conducta antisocial previamente identificados en una muestra de 3.186 adolescentes. Sobre ellos se recabó información sobre diversas variables personales y contextuales. Se evaluó la influencia de cada factor y, posteriormente, se evaluó el grado en que algunas características de personalidad modulan la influencia de aspectos familiares, escolares, grupales y socioeconómicos sobre la conducta antisocial y/o delictiva de los muchachos de la muestra. Los resultados se interpretan en relación a la necesidad de superar las perspectivas aditivas no interactivas en el campo. Finalmente, se analizan las implicaciones metateóricas de estos resultados (AU)

The principal aim of this study is to assess the effects of interactions between predictors in determining their impact on self-reported delinquency in Spanish school adolescents. Data were gathered on 3.186 adolescents for several contextual and personal characteristics. Initially, analyses were performed to establish the influence of each factor; subsequently, hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine the degree to which personal variables modulate the influence of family, school, peer groups, and socioeconomic factors. Results are interpreted with emphasis on the need for an interactive non additive perspective. Finally, some metatheoretical considerations are discussed (AU)